Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD, is a neurodevelopmental condition that has been traditionally associated with children; however, in many cases it persists into adulthood. Now is a great time to update your knowledge of recent findings, potential treatments, and outcomes for both childhood and adult ADHD.  

Replacing Myths with Facts

Recent research has deepened our understanding of ADHD, including how it affects different age groups. One of the most significant findings is recognizing that ADHD is not merely a childhood disorder; about 60% of children diagnosed with ADHD continue to experience symptoms into adulthood. In children, hyperactivity and impulsivity are the most common symptoms. In adults, hyperactivity may decrease, but other symptoms like impulsiveness, restlessness, and difficulty paying attention may continue. While symptoms may be more apparent in children, many adults have found ways to cover up and work around their symptoms. Recognizing these persisting symptoms has greatly helped adults cope with ADHD..

Screening tools have also improved over the last several years. Neuroimaging tools, such as MRIs and CTs, show differences in brain structure and connectivity in individuals with ADHD, particularly in areas related to are known as “executive functions” (like problem solving), attention, and impulse control. Genetic research also suggests a strong hereditary component to the disorder.

Treatments for Childhood and Adult ADHD

The mainstay of ADHD treatment includes individually tailored behavioral therapy, medication, and lifestyle interventions.

For Children: Behavioral interventions are often the first line of treatment, especially for younger children. These interventions focus on teaching children skills to manage their symptoms, improve social interactions, and enhance academic performance. Parent training programs are also crucial, helping parents learn strategies to support their child's development.

Medication, particularly stimulant medications, remains a widely used and effective treatment for ADHD in children. These medications help increase the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, improving attention and reducing impulsive behavior. Non-stimulant medications now offer options in cases where stimulants are not well-tolerated.

For Adults: Adults with ADHD often benefit from a combination of medication and psychotherapy, such as psychotherapy, to develop coping strategies to manage their symptoms in daily life. Medications used for adult ADHD are similar to those used in children.

Alternative and complementary treatments, such as mindfulness meditation, dietary modifications, and exercise, may also help manage symptoms alongside traditional treatments. Additionally, digital health tools, including apps designed to enhance executive functioning, are emerging as supplementary aids for adults with ADHD.

Outcomes for Childhood and Adult ADHD

Outcomes for individuals with ADHD vary widely depending on the severity of the condition and any accompanying conditions, such as anxiety or depression, and how well patients follow their treatment plans.

For children, early diagnosis and intervention are key. With appropriate treatment, many children with ADHD lead successful and fulfilling lives. Children with untreated or poorly managed ADHD are at a higher risk for academic difficulties, social challenges, and behavioral problems.

Adults with ADHD fare better with learned coping strategies and strong support systems. While they may struggle with certain aspects of daily life, such as time management and organization, many achieve personal and professional success. Untreated ADHD in adults is associated with a higher risk of substance abuse, relationship problems, and occupational difficulties.

Taking the First Steps

If you suspect that you or your child has ADHD, reach out to your health care professional. Early diagnosis and treatment can relieve some of the struggles. The medical community knows more about ADHD than they did a few decades ago, and as our awareness and understanding of this complex disorder continues to evolve, so does the potential for more effective and personalized treatment approaches to set you up for success. Take advantage of your preventative Transocean benefits for your entire family, including behavioral therapy support and self-care from Ableto and Talkspace (through Optum's EAP). If you are enrolled in a Transocean medical plan, you have access to behavioral therapy through the medical plan. And remember, if you’re feeling uneasy about an initial diagnosis, consider getting a second opinion through 2nd.MD.