We should all be diligent when it comes to sun exposure – not just during these summer months when outdoor time increases for most of us, but year-round. Skin cancer is a significant health concern, with its incidence rising globally. Understanding the risks of sun exposure, including whether you are in a high-risk category for developing skin cancer, and taking proactive measures are essential for prevention and early detection.

Sun, UV, and Skin Cancer Basics

Exposure to ultraviolet, or UV, radiation from the sun is one of the primary risk factors for developing skin cancer. Many assume that only the summer sun is dangerous, but UV rays can damage the skin year-round, even on cloudy days. The sun’s harmful effects accumulate over time, which increases skin cancer risk.

Skin cancers are categorized into melanoma, and non- melanoma, which includes basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma.

• Melanoma – Melanoma is a cancer that begins in melanocytes, specialized cells in our skin, eyes, and hair that produce a pigment called melanin. This pigment helps protect our skin from UV damage and gives color to our skin, hair, and eyes.
• Non-Melanoma – While there are several types of non-melanoma skin cancers, the two most common types are basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Both types most commonly develop on skin that’s been exposed to UV light, but they can develop on other skin parts, as well.
  • Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of non-melanoma skin cancer. It can be disfiguring and invade nearby tissues, but it rarely spreads to distant sites in the body.
  • Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common type of non-melanoma skin cancer. While it is more likely than basal cell carcinoma to spread to other sites (metastasize), such spread is still uncommon.

Higher Risk Factors

Certain risk factors can elevate an individual’s risk of developing skin cancer. These include:

• Moles. People with numerous moles or abnormal moles are at a higher risk. Your health care provider may refer to these abnormal moles as atypical or dysplastic.
• Family History. A family history of skin cancer increases your risk, particularly for melanoma. You are also considered a higher risk if you have developed skin cancer previously.
• Skin Type. Fair skinned individuals, especially those who freckle or burn easily, are more susceptible to skin cancer development.
• History of Sunburns. Severe, blistering sunburns in childhood or adolescence can significantly raise your risk of developing skin cancer later.
• Immunosuppression. Individuals with weakened immune systems, such as organ transplant recipients, are more prone to skin cancer.

People who live in sunny or high-altitude climates can also be exposed to more UV radiation, elevating their risk.

Tips for Prevention

Preventing skin cancer involves vigilant protection against UV exposure:

1. Use Sunscreen. Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30, even on cloudy days and during cooler months.
2. Wear Protective Clothing. Hats, sunglasses, and long sleeves can shield skin from UV rays. Fortunately you can now purchase clothing with built-in sun protection and made from technical material to help keep you cool during warmer months.
3. Seek Shade. Avoid direct sunlight when UV rays are strongest where you live, typically between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
4. Avoid Tanning Beds. These emit harmful UV radiation that can increase your skin cancer risk.

Early Detection

Early detection of skin cancer significantly improves treatment outcomes. Begin with regular self-examinations. Look for:

• New Growths. Any new moles or skin changes should be noted.
• Changes in Existing Moles. Monitor existing moles for changes in size, shape, color, or texture.
• Persistent Sores. Sores that don’t heal can be a warning sign.

Don’t forget to check your feet, including between your toes. Engage the help of a family member or friend for areas you can’t easily examine, and undergo annual skin checks by a health care practitioner or dermatologist.

Remember that certain medications can also increase your sensitivity to sunlight and thus elevate your risk of UV skin damage. If you have questions about sunlight reactions with your current medications, or have concern about a mole, contact your doctor. If you are enrolled in a Transocean medical plan, your UHC Virtual Visits and Nurseline benefits can help you answer questions and assess whether an in-person visit is advisable. These resources and some “sun sense” can help you get the most out of your summer – safely!